The roundhouse in Martinsburg, West Virginia, holds significant historical importance due to its involvement in two major events in U.S. history: The Civil War and the Great Railroad Strike of 1877. Along with its historical significance, the architecture of the building has also contributed to its designation as a National Historic Landmark. The original roundhouse in Martinsburg was constructed in the 1840s as part of the B&O Railroad, completed in 1849, and unfortunately destroyed during the Civil War. After the war, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company reconstructed a new roundhouse in Martinsburg in 1866, which included the roundhouse itself, along with two additional shops: the Bridge Shop and the Frog and Switch Shop. Another roundhouse was added to the property in 1872.